{"id":5960,"date":"2022-03-01T21:51:47","date_gmt":"2022-03-01T20:51:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/centrepsico-lleida.es\/?p=5960"},"modified":"2022-03-01T21:51:47","modified_gmt":"2022-03-01T20:51:47","slug":"autolesions-entre-adolescents-com-ajudar-des-de-lentorn-familiar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/centrepsico-lleida.es\/ca\/autolesions-entre-adolescents-com-ajudar-des-de-lentorn-familiar\/","title":{"rendered":"Autolesions entre adolescents. Com ajudar des de l\u2019entorn familiar?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><u>Autolesions entre adolescents. Com ajudar des de l\u2019entorn familiar?<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Avui, dia 1 de mar\u00e7, \u00e9s el \u201c<strong>Dia Mundial de la Conscienciaci\u00f3 sobre les Autolesions<\/strong>\u201d. Per aquest motiu, dediquem aquesta entrada del blog a parlar sobre aquestes conductes per tractar de conscienciar i ajudar a les persones que ho sofreixen i a les seves fam\u00edlies.<\/p>\n<p>Estudis publicats en els \u00faltims deu anys centrats a Catalunya indiquen que un 11,4% dels joves s&#8217;ha autolesionat almenys una vegada a la seva vida, i a Europa es parla d&#8217;una prevalen\u00e7a del 27,6%. Despr\u00e9s de la pand\u00e8mia, segons les dades recollides per l\u2019Associaci\u00f3 Espanyola de Pediatria (AEP), <strong>les autolesions de menors han incrementat un 180% en dos anys.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Per\u00f2<\/em>,<em>per qu\u00e8 han augmentat de forma tan exponencial? De qu\u00e8 es tracta? Qu\u00e8 hi ha darrere d\u2019aquesta conducta? Qu\u00e8 hi pot fer la fam\u00edlia?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Seguidament, intentarem resoldre tots aquests dubtes.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n les autolesions?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u00f3n conductes intencionals que pretenen tenir un impacte immediat sobre el propi cos, sovint amb l\u2019objectiu de reduir un sentiment d\u2019angoixa i\/o malestar.<\/strong>El tipus m\u00e9s freq\u00fcents s\u00f3n fer-se petits talls, rascades, perforacions amb objectes esmolats, cremades, cops, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Quan una persona s\u2019autolesiona est\u00e0 tractant amb molts pensaments i sentiments intensos, i fer-se mal a si mateix pot semblar-li l\u2019\u00fanica manera de fer-hi front. L\u2019autolesi\u00f3 posa fi a una tempesta interna, la qual ajuda a enfocar el dolor en un fet que es pot descriure i justificar.<\/p>\n<p>En els casos dels joves, les autolesions sovint tamb\u00e9 s\u2019associen amb el desenvolupament de la identitat i l\u2019adaptaci\u00f3 a les normes socials, el qual durant l\u2019adolesc\u00e8ncia sol ser un motiu de malestar for\u00e7a com\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>NO parlem d\u2019autolesi\u00f3 quan el prop\u00f2sit \u00e9s: plaer sexual, decorar la pell, rituals espirituals, ser part d\u2019un grup, entre d\u2019altres.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Per quin motiu les autolesions han augmentat entre els joves?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Quan una persona s\u2019autolesiona sent que no t\u00e9 alternativa, ja que si no porta a terme l\u2019acci\u00f3 pot perdre el control de la situaci\u00f3. Aix\u00ed doncs, l\u2019autolesi\u00f3 es converteix en una elecci\u00f3 for\u00e7ada per fer front a les seves angoixes, tristeses, pors, ira, etc. Con\u00e8ixer els motius que hi ha darrere d\u2019aquesta conducta ens ajudar\u00e0 a comprendre les habilitats que li estan fent falta a l&#8217;adolescent per gestionar situacions angoixants.<\/p>\n<p>Un gran nombre d\u2019estudis proposen m\u00faltiples motivacions que porten a la conducta d\u2019autolesi\u00f3. Per\u00f2, a grans trets, ho podem organitzar amb tres categories:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Regulaci\u00f3 emocional:<\/strong>Davant un episodi d&#8217;emocions fortes i sentiments distorsionants, l\u2019autolesi\u00f3 es considera l\u2019\u00fanica via per reduir l\u2019angoixa. Es valida el sofriment intern expressant-lo de manera externa, ja que pot resultar m\u00e9s tolerable el dolor f\u00edsic que l\u2019emocional.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Invalidaci\u00f3:<\/strong>Quan la persona es troba en un ambient que propicia la invalidaci\u00f3 de sentiments i emocions, l\u2019autolesi\u00f3 l\u2019utilitza com un vehicle per expressar coses de les quals no en pot parlar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Autocontrol i\/o c\u00e0stig:<\/strong>Les autolesions poden actuar com un element per influir sobre el control d\u2019un mateix, o b\u00e9, per autocastigar-se davant un acte on la persona considera que est\u00e0 sent dolenta. Els joves s\u00f3n molt m\u00e9s vulnerables davant les experi\u00e8ncies socials negatives, com ara l\u2019exclusi\u00f3 social, no arribar a les expectatives del grup d\u2019iguals&#8230; Les autolesions poden esdevenir una forma de castigar-se per no encaixar en el grup, sentir-se socialment rebutjat, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Veiem aix\u00ed que darrere les autolesions hi ha una manca de<strong>recursos personals<\/strong>. Si una persona apr\u00e8n que un m\u00e8tode directe de demanar\/expressar alguna cosa pot ser escoltada i atesa, llavors la necessitat d\u2019utilitzar m\u00e8todes indirectes (autolesi\u00f3) decreix. Per tant, entendre que un acte d\u2019autolesi\u00f3 t\u00e9 la funci\u00f3 de tractar de comunicar pot ser crucial per gestionar-ho de manera efectiva i constructiva.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Com influencia a la fam\u00edlia? Com ho poden detectar els pares i mares? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sovint, a casa, l\u2019autolesi\u00f3 monopolitza tots els temes i es converteix en el <strong>centre de la vida familiar<\/strong>. Aix\u00f2 pot provocar una disminuci\u00f3 de les activitats en fam\u00edlia, d\u2019oci, temps lliure, disminuir les relacions socials, etc.<\/p>\n<p>En ocasions, poden sorgir conflictes entre els pares i mares sobre com actuar davant la situaci\u00f3, el qual pot ocasionar problemes de parella, sobrec\u00e0rrega a l\u2019hora de prendre decisions, adoptar exclusivament el rol de cuidador i que tot giri entorn l\u2019obsessi\u00f3 per controlar els riscos de les autolesions (amagant objectes que puguin utilitzar, control de totes les situacions&#8230;). Aquesta situaci\u00f3 t\u00e9 un efecte d\u2019esgotament que pot desembocar en por, ansietat, culpa&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>A continuaci\u00f3 s\u2019enumeren un seguit de signes que podem tenir en compte si sospitem que els nostres fills\/es, o alg\u00fa proper, poden estar autolesionant-se:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Talls inexplicables, cremades, marques de mossegada, hematomes, etc.<\/li>\n<li>El jove sempre es mant\u00e9 cobert, per exemple, portant m\u00e0nigues llargues o pantalons llargs fins i tot durant una \u00e8poca calorosa.<\/li>\n<li>No es vol canviar de roba al voltant d&#8217;altres o evita activitats, com per exemple la nataci\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>Roba o mocadors amb sang a les papereres de casa.<\/li>\n<li>L\u2019adolescent presenta un estat d\u2019\u00e0nim baix, deprimit, s\u2019a\u00eflla dels amics i dels familiars.<\/li>\n<li>Es culpa a si mateix dels problemes, expressa sentiments de frac\u00e0s, d\u2019inutilitat o de desesperan\u00e7a.<\/li>\n<li>Esclats d\u2019ira.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>L\u2019autolesi\u00f3 \u00e9s l\u2019\u00fanica forma de reduir\u00a0 el dolor? Com puc ajudar al meu fill\/a?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>No. Existeixen moltes altres alternatives que funcionen per tractar amb les emocions i el sofriment que ens poden generar.<\/p>\n<p>Quan el desig d\u2019autolesionar-se \u00e9s immediat, tenir una llista de coses a fer pot ajudar a cavalcar l\u2019onada dels sentiments intensos de fer-se mal. Cada jove \u00e9s diferent i, per tant, all\u00f2 que l\u2019ajudar\u00e0 dependr\u00e0 dels sentiments que el nostre fill\/a intenti gestionar. Es recomanable parlar amb ell\/a sobreles diferents eines que podrien provar a l\u2019hora d\u2019afrontar el malestar i evitar l\u2019autolesi\u00f3. <strong>Algunes estrat\u00e8gies que poden funcionar en el moment immediat s\u00f3n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Escriure com se senten en un diari.<\/li>\n<li>Escriure els sentiments dif\u00edcils en trossos de papers i despr\u00e9s trencar-los.<\/li>\n<li>Colpejar un coix\u00ed suau.<\/li>\n<li>Escoltar m\u00fasica.<\/li>\n<li>Fer exercici, sortir a passejar&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>Centrar-se en la seva respiraci\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>Parlar amb alg\u00fa: un amic, un familiar o trucant a una l\u00ednia d&#8217;ajuda.<\/li>\n<li>Realitzar una afici\u00f3 que li agradi i l\u2019ajudi a sentir-se tranquil, com ara pintar, dibuixar, veure una s\u00e8rie, jugar a videojocs, cuinar, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tot i aix\u00f2, cal continuar treballant i afegint a la vida familiar <strong>noves din\u00e0miques perqu\u00e8 els resultats siguin duradors a llarg termini. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En primer lloc, \u00e9s important no retroalimentar el cercle de culpa que existeix habitualment entre els membres de la fam\u00edlia. Per tant, des de l\u2019inici cal verbalitzar amb paraules als fills\/es que ning\u00fa en t\u00e9 la culpa del que est\u00e0 passant. <strong>No es tracta de buscar culpables, sin\u00f3 de pensar en qu\u00e8 es pot fer a partir d\u2019ara per ajudar-lo\/a i per millorar la situaci\u00f3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>En segon lloc, cal ser conscients que l\u2019<strong>objectiu no \u00e9s que el jove deixi d\u2019autolesionar-se, sin\u00f3 que deixi de necessitar-ho.<\/strong>En aquest sentit, cal ajudar-los a trobar recursos que els puguin ajudar a l\u2019hora d\u2019afrontar el malestar.<\/p>\n<p>Com hem vist, la comunicaci\u00f3 juga un paper clau. A casa, podem fomentar la comunicaci\u00f3 parlant de les emocions de la frustraci\u00f3, la tristesa, el dolor, els problemes, com a part de la vidai de la necessitat d\u2019acceptar-les. <strong>L\u2019autolesi\u00f3 no ha de ser un tema tab\u00fa<\/strong>, ja que com m\u00e9s conscient sigui el jove sobre que sent quan s\u2019autolesiona, m\u00e9s f\u00e0cil ser\u00e0 controlar aquesta conducta.<\/p>\n<p>A mode de resum, algunes estrat\u00e8gies per ajudar als nostres fills i filles a llarg termini s\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fomentar la comunicaci\u00f3 a casa.<\/strong>Esbrinar que sent, sense bombardejar-los a preguntes. Conversar d\u2019aquests temes en un espai neutre (fora de la seva habitaci\u00f3, passejant, etc) pot ajudar a que l\u2019adolescent se senti m\u00e9s relaxat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mantenir la calma i evitar el judicis<\/strong>. No cal dedicar tots els esfor\u00e7os en intentar solucionar les coses immediatament. A vegades, val la pena centrar-nos en escoltar, tenir curiositat i mostrar empatia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pensar junts sobre qu\u00e8 els fa autolesionar-se<\/strong>i les senyals d\u2019alerta pr\u00e8vies a la conducta.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Passar temps de qualitat junts<\/strong>fent activitats que li agradin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fomentar una rutina di\u00e0ria d\u2019activitats que afavoreixen el benestar<\/strong>(dormir i menjar de forma regular, fer exercici, h\u00e0bits d\u2019estudi, cuidar les relacions socials, etc).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Supervisar al nostre fill\/a sense que se senti vigilat\/da<\/strong>, ja que si se sent observat\/da poden augmentar els seus sentiments d\u2019ansietat i culpa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tot i que hi ha moltes coses que pots fer per ajudar al teu fill o filla, alguns joves en aquesta situaci\u00f3 necessitaran ajuda professionalper canviar i sentir-se millor. Si aquest \u00e9s el cas, recorda que pots demanar-nos <strong>assessorament i suport psicol\u00f2gic especialitzat<\/strong>per acompanyar-vos en aquest proc\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5963\" src=\"https:\/\/centrepsico-lleida.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/silviasiso-2-266x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"266\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/centrepsico-lleida.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/silviasiso-2-266x300.jpg 266w, https:\/\/centrepsico-lleida.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/silviasiso-2-600x675.jpg 600w, https:\/\/centrepsico-lleida.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/silviasiso-2-910x1024.jpg 910w, https:\/\/centrepsico-lleida.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/silviasiso-2-768x865.jpg 768w, https:\/\/centrepsico-lleida.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/silviasiso-2.jpg 1201w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u00edlvia Sis\u00f3 G\u00f2dia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Psic\u00f2loga Sanit\u00e0ria n\u00ba24793<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autolesions entre adolescents. Com ajudar des de l\u2019entorn familiar? Avui, dia 1 de mar\u00e7, \u00e9s el \u201cDia Mundial de la Conscienciaci\u00f3 sobre les Autolesions\u201d. Per aquest motiu, dediquem aquesta entrada del blog a parlar sobre aquestes conductes per tractar de conscienciar i ajudar a les persones que ho sofreixen i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":5961,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[621,341,618,406,460,264,619,620],"class_list":["post-5960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-ca","tag-adolescentes-ca","tag-adolescents","tag-autolesions","tag-psicologialleida-ca","tag-psicologiaonline-ca","tag-psicoterapia","tag-saludmental","tag-salutmental"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Autolesions entre adolescents. 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